Fathers

Proverbs 20

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Wine is a mocker and beer is a brawler. Whoever is led astray by them is not wise. The terror of a king is like the roaring of a lion. He who provokes him to anger forfeits his own life. It is an honor for a man to keep aloof from strife, but every fool will be quarreling. The sluggard will not plow by reason of the winter; therefore he shall beg in harvest, and have nothing. Counsel in the heart of man is like deep water, but a man of understanding will draw it out. Many men claim to be men of unfailing love, but who can find a faithful man? A righteous man walks in integrity. Blessed are his children after him. A king who sits on the throne of judgment scatters away all evil with his eyes. Who can say, “I have made my heart pure. I am clean and without sin?” Differing weights and differing measures, both of them alike are an abomination to Yahweh. Even a child makes himself known by his doings, whether his work is pure, and whether it is right. The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, Yahweh has made even both of them. Don’t love sleep, lest you come to poverty. Open your eyes, and you shall be satisfied with bread. “It’s no good, it’s no good,” says the buyer; but when he is gone his way, then he boasts. There is gold and abundance of rubies, but the lips of knowledge are a rare jewel. Take the garment of one who puts up collateral for a stranger; and hold him in pledge for a wayward woman. Fraudulent food is sweet to a man, but afterwards his mouth is filled with gravel. Plans are established by advice; by wise guidance you wage war! He who goes about as a tale-bearer reveals secrets; therefore don’t keep company with him who opens wide his lips. Whoever curses his father or his mother, his lamp shall be put out in blackness of darkness. An inheritance quickly gained at the beginning, won’t be blessed in the end. Don’t say, “I will pay back evil.” Wait for Yahweh, and he will save you. Yahweh detests differing weights, and dishonest scales are not pleasing. A man’s steps are from Yahweh; how then can man understand his way? It is a snare to a man to make a rash dedication, then later to consider his vows. A wise king winnows out the wicked, and drives the threshing wheel over them. The spirit of man is Yahweh’s lamp, searching all his innermost parts. Love and faithfulness keep the king safe. His throne is sustained by love. The glory of young men is their strength. The splendor of old men is their gray hair. Wounding blows cleanse away evil, and beatings purge the innermost parts.

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What the Fathers say

Proverbs 20:10

Western Saints

Ambrose of Milan

He who commands must always keep to the exact scope of the commandments, and he who distributes tasks must observe equity in looking into them, for "a false balance is an abomination to the Lord." There is, then, an excess and a defect in weight, but the church acccepts neither, for "excessive and defective weights and diverse measures, both of them are alike abominable in the sight of the Lord."

Concerning Widows 13:78 ↗

Bede

Diverse weights, diverse measures, etc. For a man with diverse weights in his house has different measures, that is he measures differently for himself and for his neighbor, who always seeks in his own deeds what can be praised, but in others' deeds what can be blamed. And therefore the Lord rightly abhors such a person, because as much as he unjustly pleases himself, he justly displeases the supreme observer. …

Commentary on Proverbs ↗

John Cassian

And the giver of the law similarly forbids the same thing, saying: "Let the balance be just and the weights equal, the bushel just and the sextarius equal," and Solomon also gives a like opinion on this matter: "Great and small weights and double measures are both unclean before the Lord, and one who uses them shall be hindered in his contrivances." Further not only in the way in which we have said, but also in this must we strive not to have unfair weights in our hearts, nor double measures in the storehouse of our conscience, i.e., …

Conference 21:22 ↗