Fathers

Hebrews 1

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God, having in the past spoken to the fathers through the prophets at many times and in various ways, has at the end of these days spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, through whom also he made the worlds. His Son is the radiance of his glory, the very image of his substance, and upholding all things by the word of his power, who, when he had by himself purified us of our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high, having become as much better than the angels as the more excellent name he has inherited is better than theirs. For to which of the angels did he say at any time, “You are my Son. Today I have become your father?” and again, “I will be to him a Father, and he will be to me a Son?” When he again brings in the firstborn into the world he says, “Let all the angels of God worship him.” Of the angels he says, “He makes his angels winds, and his servants a flame of fire.” But of the Son he says, “Your throne, O God, is forever and ever. The scepter of uprightness is the scepter of your Kingdom. You have loved righteousness and hated iniquity; therefore God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness above your fellows.” And, “You, Lord, in the beginning, laid the foundation of the earth. The heavens are the works of your hands. They will perish, but you continue. They all will grow old like a garment does. You will roll them up like a mantle, and they will be changed; but you are the same. Your years won’t fail.” But which of the angels has he told at any time, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet?” Aren’t they all serving spirits, sent out to do service for the sake of those who will inherit salvation?

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What the Fathers say

Hebrews 1:8

Eastern Fathers

John Chrysostom

Didst thou see how what is created and what is begotten are not the same? For otherwise he would not have made the distinction, nor in contrast to the word, "He made" [etc.], have added, "But unto the Son He said, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever." Nor would he have called the name, "Son, a more excellent Name," if it is a sign of the same thing. For what is the excellence? For if that which is created, and that which is begotten be the same, and they [the Angels] were made, what is there [in Him] "more excellent"? Lo! …

Homily on Hebrews 3 ↗

Theophylact of Ohrid

Angels, he says, are created beings and creatures, for of them it is said: "You make." But the Son is not a creature: of Him it is not said: "You make"; but King, Master, God, a Throne is ascribed to Him, which is a sign of Kingship, and an eternal throne. This is against Paul of Samosata, who represents the true God and eternal King as a mere man; and against Arius. Here is another sign of the kingdom.

Commentary on Hebrews ↗

Oecumenius

Since the Son is not a creature, but a true offspring, He is no longer referred to as "who makes," (Heb. 1:13) as is said of the angels, but rather, "Your throne, O God, is forever." The throne, however, is a sign of royalty, but the scepter is of righteousness. "The scepter of righteousness." Behold, there is another symbol of royalty, the royal scepter, and the staff.

The Pseudo-Oecumenian Catena on Hebrews ↗

Western Saints

Thomas Aquinas

59. – Having proved by scriptural authority that the angels are spirits, the Apostle now proves this with a reason taken on the part of Christ. Hence, he intends here to prove Christ's royal dignity. He does two things: first, he commends Christ's royal dignity; secondly, he shows His fitness for it (v. 9b). In regard to the first he does three things: first, he commends Christ's royal dignity; secondly, the equity of His rule (v. 8b); thirdly, the goodness of His rule (v. 9a). 60. …

Commentary on Hebrews ↗