Fathers

1 Timothy 5

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Don’t rebuke an older man, but exhort him as a father; the younger men as brothers; the elder women as mothers; the younger as sisters, in all purity. Honor widows who are widows indeed. But if any widow has children or grandchildren, let them learn first to show piety toward their own family and to repay their parents, for this is acceptable in the sight of God. Now she who is a widow indeed and desolate, has her hope set on God, and continues in petitions and prayers night and day. But she who gives herself to pleasure is dead while she lives. Also command these things, that they may be without reproach. But if anyone doesn’t provide for his own, and especially his own household, he has denied the faith, and is worse than an unbeliever. Let no one be enrolled as a widow under sixty years old, having been the wife of one man, being approved by good works, if she has brought up children, if she has been hospitable to strangers, if she has washed the saints’ feet, if she has relieved the afflicted, and if she has diligently followed every good work. But refuse younger widows, for when they have grown wanton against Christ, they desire to marry, having condemnation, because they have rejected their first pledge. Besides, they also learn to be idle, going about from house to house. Not only idle, but also gossips and busybodies, saying things which they ought not. I desire therefore that the younger widows marry, bear children, rule the household, and give no occasion to the adversary for insulting. For already some have turned away after Satan. If any man or woman who believes has widows, let them relieve them, and don’t let the assembly be burdened, that it might relieve those who are widows indeed. Let the elders who rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and in teaching. For the Scripture says, “You shall not muzzle the ox when it treads out the grain.” And, “The laborer is worthy of his wages.” Don’t receive an accusation against an elder, except at the word of two or three witnesses. Those who sin, reprove in the sight of all, that the rest also may be in fear. I command you in the sight of God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, and the chosen angels, that you observe these things without prejudice, doing nothing by partiality. Lay hands hastily on no one. Don’t be a participant in other people’s sins. Keep yourself pure. Be no longer a drinker of water only, but use a little wine for your stomach’s sake and your frequent infirmities. Some men’s sins are evident, preceding them to judgment, and some also follow later. In the same way also there are good works that are obvious, and those that are otherwise can’t be hidden.

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What the Fathers say

1 Timothy 5:13

Eastern Fathers

John Chrysostom

Thus he commands not only men, but women also, to work. For idleness is the teacher of every sin. And not only are they exposed to this condemnation, but to other sins. If therefore it is unbecoming for a married woman "to go from house to house," much more is it for a virgin. What then happens, when the care for the husband is withdrawn, and the care to please God does not constrain them? They naturally become idlers, tattlers, and busybodies. …

Homily on 1 Timothy 15 ↗

Theophylact of Ohrid

Besides the already mentioned condemnation for sins, they are guilty of yet another thing, namely that they learn to be idle, going about from house to house. And idleness teaches every evil. Consequently, idleness is unbecoming not only for men, but also for women. Rightly so. For, going from house to house, they do nothing else but carry gossip from one woman to another, from this one to that one, and, prying into everything, they inevitably fall into curiosity, and speaking to everyone about everything, they fall into idle talk.

Commentary on 1 Timothy ↗

Oecumenius

And also they learn to be idle, wandering about from house to house; not only idle, but also gossips and chatterers, speaking things they ought not. — [OECUMENIUS] And also they learn to be idle. How do the idle women learn? Having the men who are brought in to assist them provide what is necessary for their old age, they are negligent about their tasks, but they take care to appear pleasing to the men. [end of the excerpt by Oecumenius A f.172v; B f.208r; G f.296r] — not only idle, but also gossips. …

Commentary On 1 Timothy ↗

Western Saints

Jerome

Paul speaks of idle persons and busybodies, whether virgins or widows, such as go from house to house calling on married women. They display an unblushing effrontery greater than that of a stage parasite. Cast them from you as you would the plague. For "evil communications corrupt good manners," and women like these care for nothing but their lowest appetites. …

Letters 22.29 ↗

Thomas Aquinas

From the second result, namely, that they do not labor, there flow three evils: the first evil is idleness: idleness has taught much evil (Sir 33:29); this was the sin of Sodom, your sister, fullness of bread, and abundance, and her idleness (Ezek 16:49); he who pursues idleness is very foolish (Prov 12:11). From idleness flow three evils: a woman's heart is not as firm as a man's; hence it turns to many things. Therefore, if it is not channeled by work it flies off in all directions. …

Commentary on 1 Timothy ↗