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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
There are some failings which age has, that youth has not. Some indeed it has in common with youth, but in addition it has a slowness, a timidity, a forgetfulness, an insensibility, and an irritability. For this reason he exhorts old men concerning these matters, "to be vigilant." For there are many things which at this period make men otherwise than vigilant, especially what I mentioned, their general insensibility, and the difficulty of stirring or exciting them. Wherefore he also adds, "grave, temperate." Here he means prudent. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Since the deficiency of old age is laziness, slowness, and difficulty of movement, he therefore says that they should "be vigilant," that is, be watchful and ready for every duty. By temperate he here means those who are prudent, possessing a sound state of mind. For even among the elderly there are people who are frenzied, raging, and senseless — some from wine, others from faintheartedness. Patience is especially fitting for the elderly, on account of their irritability and short temper.
Oecumenius
Elders must be sober, honorable, self-controlled, sound in faith, in love, and in patience. Elders must be sober. For old age is mostly followed by slowness and sluggishness. This, therefore, corrects it. be [εἶναι]. For the common expression is, "must be" [εἶναι δεῖ]. self-controlled [σωφροσύνη]. He basically says careful [Φρονίμους]. For self-controlled is, as it were, soundness, the salvation of the mind. For self-control would not have been sought after by the aged in matters of immorality, as this is generally acknowledged. …
Western Saints
Jerome
Older men should be sober, honorable, chaste, sound in faith, love, and patience. Titus, before directing him what he should say to everyone, in what he says, "But you speak what befits sound doctrine," he explains in detail what is appropriate for each age group. …
Thomas Aquinas
Then he explains this in detail: first, he proposes a sound doctrine against perverse living; second, against heretics and errors, at but avoid foolish questions (Titus 3:9). In regard to the first he does two things: first he instructs different classes of people; second, people in general, at admonish them to be subject (Titus 3:1). In regard to the first he does two things: first, he shows how to instruct free men; second, how to instruct slaves, at exhort servants (Titus 2:9). …
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