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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
He says, "in knowledge and all discernment, that ye may approve the things that are excellent," that is, the things that are profitable. This I say not for my own sake, says he, but for yours, for there is danger lest any one be spoiled by the love of the heretics; for all this he hints at, and see how he brings it in. Not for my own sake, says he, do I say this, but that ye may be sincere, that is, that ye receive no spurious doctrine under the pretence of love. How then, says he, "If it be possible, live peaceably with all men"? …
Theophylact of Ohrid
That is, what is beneficial. If you love prudently and with discernment, then you can choose what is beneficial and distinguish who is worthy of love, that is, the faithful, and who is not worthy, that is, the unfaithful. But how then does he say in another place: "be at peace with all men" (Rom. 12:18)? …
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
But this discernment should be able not only to recognize, but also to distinguish between, good and evil, and between good and better; hence he says, so that you may approve what is excellent: "Earnestly desire the higher gifts" (1 Cor. 12:31) and in (15:1): "Make love your aim, and earnestly desire the spiritual gifts;" hence he says, what is excellent. The third request concerns behavior. First, he mentions immunity from evil, when he says that you may be pure. …
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