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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"Now in the morning as He returned into the city, He was an hungered." How is He an hungered in the morning? When He permits the flesh, then it shows its feeling. "And when He saw a fig tree in the way, He came to it, and found nothing thereon, but leaves only." Another evangelist saith, "The time of figs was not yet;" but if it was not time, how doth the other evangelist say, "He came, if haply He might find fruit thereon." Whence it is manifest that this belongs to the suspicion of His disciples, who were yet in a somewhat …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Of the many miracles which the Lord performed, all were done to do good, for He performed no miracles of chastisement. Therefore, lest anyone think that He is unable to chastise, here He shows this power as well, not applied to men but to a tree, as He loves mankind. He also did the same on a previous occasion to the swine. He withers the tree, then, in order to chasten men. The disciples marvel, and with good reason. …
Western Saints
Jerome
But when he returned to the city in the morning, he was hungry. After the darkness of the night had dispersed, as the morning light shone and midday approached, during which the Lord was going to illuminate the world by means of his passion, when he returned to the city, he was hungry. Whether to reveal the truth of his human flesh or to hunger for the salvation of believers and to burn with incredulity towards the Jews.
Thomas Aquinas
"And in the morning, returning into the city, he was hungry." Here the confutation under a certain figurative action is presented. And first, the action is presented; secondly, the wonder of the disciples. Concerning the first: first, the occasion for working the miracle is presented; secondly, the barrenness of the tree; thirdly, the curse; fourthly, the effect. He says therefore "in the morning, returning into the city, he was hungry." By this is signified the concern which he had for the salvation of the Jews. …
Glossa Ordinaria
For in permitting His flesh to suffer that which properly pertains to flesh, He fore-shews His passion. Mark the earnest zeal of the active labourer, Who is said to have gone early into the city to preach, and to gain some to His Father.
Translation