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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
After this, when he had said, "Philip, and Bartholomew," he added, "Thomas, and Matthew the Publican." But Luke not so, but in the opposite order, and he puts him before Thomas. Next, "James the son of Alphaeus." For there was, as I have already said, the son of Zebedee also. Then after having mentioned "Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus," and "Simon" Zelotes, whom he calls also "the Canaanite," he comes to the traitor. And not as a sort of enemy or foe, but as one writing a history, so hath he described him. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
"James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus; Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed Him." See the humility of Matthew, how he ranked himself after Thomas. And when he came to Judas, he did not say, "the defiled, the enemy of God," but he named him Iscariot after his place of birth. For there was another Judas, who was also called Lebbaeus and Thaddaeus. …
Western Saints
Augustine of Hippo
Some copies have Lebbaeus; but whoever prevented the same man from having two, or even three different names?
Jerome
The first is Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus. The order and merit of each apostle was determined by the one who searches the secrets of the heart. The first is written Simon, with the surname Peter, to distinguish him from the other Simon who is called the Cananaean, from the village of Cana in Galilee, where the Lord turned water into wine (John 2). …
Thomas Aquinas
Philip, the mouth of the lamp; such a one should be a preacher: "Your word is well tried with fire" (Ps 119:140). Bartholomew, the son of him who curbs the waters. This is what Christ is called: "He binds up the waters in thick clouds" (Jb 26:8). Then James, the son of Zebedee, who was killed by Herod, who is called the supplanter. And John, who is called grace: "By the grace of God I am what I am" (1 Cor 15:10). He does not follow the order of rank as Mark does. Then Thomas and Matthew. …
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