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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
In the payment of earthly riches the debtors are obliged only to strictness. Whatever they receive, so much must they return, nothing more is required of them. But with regard to the words of God, we are not only bound diligently to keep, but we are commanded to increase; and hence it follows, that at my coming I might have required the same with usury.
Western Saints
Augustine of Hippo
Or the bank into which the money was to be given, we take to be the very profession of religion which is publicly put forth as a means necessary to salvation.
Bede
And I coming, would have certainly demanded it with interest. He who receives the money of the word from the teacher, and acquires it by believing, must necessarily repay it with interest by working, so that what he has learned by hearing, he may carry out in action. Indeed, through interest, money even not given is received. Or certainly, he repays the interest on the received money of the word, who from what he hears also strives to understand other things, which he has not yet learned from the mouth of the preacher.
Bonaventure
And why did you not put my money at the bank? through the diligence of watchfulness, by which he ought to have multiplied the money of evangelical preaching by evangelizing, lest through negligence he incur divine wrath. Whence the Gloss: "If you knew me to be harsh and cruel, why did this thought not strike fear into you, so that you would know that I would seek what is mine more diligently?" And note that he calls the mina his money, because knowledge and grace and doctrine belong to God rather than to us; and therefore Ezekiel 2: …
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