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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
Cyril of Alexandria
But whom can we suppose these to be who refused to come for the reason just mentioned, but the rulers of the Jews, whom throughout the sacred history we find to have been often reproved for these things?
Theophylact of Ohrid
And they "all began... to make excuses," that is, as if by common agreement. For all the leaders of the Jews refused to have Jesus as King, and therefore were not deemed worthy to taste of the supper — some out of love for wealth, others out of love for pleasures. For by those of whom one bought a field and another five yoke of oxen, one may understand those attached to wealth, and by the one who married, the lover of pleasure. …
Western Saints
Augustine of Hippo
Now there were three excuses, of which it is added, The first said unto him, I have bought a piece of ground, and I must needs go and see it. The bought piece of ground denotes government. Therefore pride is the first vice reproved. For the first man wished to rule, not willing to have a master.
Ambrose of Milan
Or let us suppose that three classes of men are excluded from partaking of that supper, Gentiles, Jews, Heretics. The Jews by their fleshly service impose upon themselves the yoke of the law, for the five yoke are the yoke of the Ten Commandments, of which it is said, And he declared unto you his covenant, which he commanded you to perform, even ten commandments; and he wrote them upon two tables of stone. (Deut. 4:13.) That is, the commands of the Decalogue. Or the five yoke are the five books of the old law. …
Gregory the Dialogist
By the bodily senses also because they cannot comprehend things within, but take cognizance only of what is without, curiosity is rightly represented, which while it seeks to shake off a life which is strange to it, not knowing its own secret life, desires to dwell upon things without. But we must observe, that the one who for his farm, and the other who to prove his five yoke of oxen, excuse themselves from the supper of their Inviter, mix up with their excuse the words of humility. …
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