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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"And these things will they do, because they have not known the Father, nor Me." "It is sufficient for your comfort that ye endure these things for My sake, and the Father's." Here He remindeth them of the blessedness of which He spake at the beginning, "Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for My sake. Rejoice, and be exceeding glad; for great is your reward in heaven." (Matt. v. 11, Matt. v. 12.)
Cyril of Alexandria
He showed that the zeal of the Jews was a zeal not according to knowledge, as also Paul says, but that it had gone far astray and wandered out of the straight path, even though according to the purpose that was in them it seemed to be manifested for the sake of God. For these misguided men thought that by arming themselves with the command given by Moses they pleased God, the Giver of the Law, and actually supposed, that by opposing the prophetic utterances of Christ, they gained credit with Him. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
He also adds sufficient consolation. He says: "They will do these things because they have not known either the Father or Me." You will suffer for My sake and for the Father's sake, and therefore endure. For "blessed are you when they revile and persecute you and say all kinds of evil against you falsely for My sake" (Matt. 5:11). Let this blessedness be your consolation when you remember it.
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
2075 He gives the reason why this will be so (v 3), first stating the reason, and then saying why he foretold this persecution (v 4). 2076 He says, they will persecute you, but they will do this, not out of zeal for the truth, but because they have not known the Father, as Father, nor me, his Son: "If you did know me, perhaps you would have known my Father also" (8:19); "I formerly blasphemed and persecuted and insulted him; but I received mercy because I had acted ignorantly in unbelief" (1 Tim 1:13).
Bonaventure
And these things they will do to you, because they have not known the Father nor me, that is, on account of ignorance and unbelief. There is an example in Paul, 1 Timothy 1: "I was a blasphemer and a persecutor and injurious, but I did it ignorantly in unbelief." Against these evils, therefore, he arms the disciples by foretelling them; whence he says: There is a question concerning what he says: They have not known me; it is asked whether the Pharisees themselves knew Christ. That they did, it seems: 1. …
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