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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
Our Lord did not correct the Jews, as if they misunderstood His speech, but confirmed and defended it, in the very sense in which they had taken it. Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, Ye are gods?
Cyril of Alexandria
I said, Ye are gods, ... Since therefore the Father called certain men gods, and of necessity the honourable name was something external, super-added to them, for He Who is God by Nature is One only; lest Jesus also should be deemed to be one |104 of that class----clothed in the glory of the Godhead, not as essentially His own, but rather as something external, super-added to Himself, in the same way as was the case with those others----He as a matter of necessity clearly distinguishes Himself from them. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
He calls the book of David "Law," as indeed all of Scripture.
Western Saints
Augustine of Hippo
I. e. the Law given to you, I have said, Ye are Gods? (Ps. 82:6) God saith this by the Prophet in the Psalm. Our Lord calls all those Scriptures the Law generally, though elsewhere He spiritually distinguishes the Law from the Prophets. On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets. (Matt. 22:40) In another place He makes a threefold division of the Scriptures; All things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses, and in the Prophets, and in the Psalms concerning Me. …
Thomas Aquinas
Here our Lord defends himself against the charge of blasphemy. First, he gives his defense; secondly, he shows them the truth (v 37). He defends himself by divine authority, and so first, he mentions the authority of Scripture; secondly, he explains its meaning; and thirdly, he draws his conclusion. The Evangelist says, Jesus answered them: Is it not written in your law (in Psalm 82:6): I said, you are gods? Here we should note that "law" is understood in three ways in Scripture. …
Bonaventure
"Jesus answered them." Here his prudent self-defense is noted, in which the Lord shows that he did not blaspheme, by a twofold testimony, namely of the Scriptures and of works. By the testimony of the Scriptures thus: Scripture calls "gods" those to whom God has spoken; but much more is he to be called "god" whom the Father has sanctified and sent: therefore if Scripture does not blaspheme, neither do I. …
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