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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
Theophylact of Ohrid
Above, the apostle only slightly rebuked certain false wise men who distort the Divine Scriptures and of their own will use them in a perverted manner, so as to have a pretext for their sensual life — and this is nothing other than a form of pride. But now he comes against them more sternly and, as if contrary to his usual mildness, employs words of reproach, calling such people adulterers and adulteresses, and makes rebuke somewhat like this: "Tell me, thoughtless one, you wish to present yourself as a wise man? …
Oecumenius
You adulterers and adulteresses! Do you not know that friendship with the world is hatred against God? Therefore, whoever wishes to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God. "You adulterers and adulteresses! Do you not know that friendship with the world." For James had previously reproached a few false wise men who would corrupt the divine Scripture and pervert it to their own will, so that they might have a backing for their luxurious life: this arises from nothing other than arrogance and pride, and for this reason, …
Western Saints
Bede
Adulterers, do you not know that friendship with this world is enmity with God? He rightly calls adulterers those whom, having turned from the love of heavenly wisdom to the embrace of worldly friendship, he reproaches, seeing that they serve mammon more than the Creator whom they despise. He had indeed spoken above about the manifest enemies of God: Do not the rich oppress you by their power, and do they not drag you to the courts? Do they not blaspheme the good name that has been invoked upon you (James II)? …
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