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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
How on the Gentiles? It is said, "In thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed:" that is to say, in Christ. If this were said of the Jews, how would it be reasonable that they who were themselves subject to the curse, on account of transgression, should become the authors of a blessing to others? an accursed person cannot impart to others that blessing of which he is himself deprived. Plainly then it all refers to Christ who was the Seed of Abraham, and through whom the Gentiles are blessed. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
For this reason, he says, He became a curse, so that "the blessing of Abraham might extend to the Gentiles," that is, to those who did not have the benefit of the law, "the blessing of Abraham," that is, the blessing which comes from faith, "through Christ Jesus," that is, concerning the seed of Abraham, as it is also written: "in your seed shall they be blessed," that is, in Christ, Who descended from you according to the flesh, shall they be blessed—namely, those who believe in Him. …
Oecumenius
"might come to the Gentiles." For it is said, Christ was willing to be accursed so that it might be to the Gentiles, that is, to those who do not possess the law, the things of the promise of Abraham might come. And let it come through this Christ. How through him? Since the promises are bound to the seed of Abraham, and his seed is Christ. Therefore Christ, insofar as he is and is conceived as a man, having inherited the promises, bestowed these upon the rest of the human race who believe in him. …
Western Saints
Jerome
Because it is written: Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree, so that the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that we might receive the promised Spirit through faith. Before we discuss the meaning and words of the Apostle, it seems fitting to briefly respond to the testimony of Deuteronomy, from which the Apostle drew these words (Deut. 21:22-23), and to compare it to other editions. …
Thomas Aquinas
Then when he says, "that the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Christ Jesus," he touches on the hope which we acquire through Christ in addition to being freed from the curse: "Not as the offence, so also the gift" (Rom 5:16), but much greater, namely, because He both frees us from sin and confers grace. …
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