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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"And that we may be delivered from unreasonable and evil men; for all have not faith." This is the manner of one showing also his dangers as to which especially he besought them. "From unreasonable and evil men," he says, "for all have not faith." Thus he is speaking of those who contradict the Preaching, who oppose and contend against the doctrines. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
The Apostle speaks of those who objected to his preaching and were hostile to the dogmas of the faith, such as Alexander the coppersmith. He hinted at this by saying: "for faith is not in all," that is, not all believe, but only the worthy. Just as if someone were to say that not all are deemed worthy to serve in the imperial army, but only those fit for it. …
Western Saints
Augustine of Hippo
Then, therefore, they afterwards marveled at the fact that they saw him ascending and they rejoiced that he went up to heaven, for the precedence of the Head is the hope of the members. Moreover, they heard the angelic message, "men of Galilee, why do you stand looking up to heaven? This Jesus … shall come in the same way as you have seen him going up to heaven." What is the significance of "he will come in the same way"? …
Leo the Great
But because "all men have not faith" and the crafty Tempter never delights so much in wounding the hearts of men as when he can poison their unwary minds with errors that are opposed to Gospel Truth, we must strive by the mighty teaching of the Holy Ghost to prevent Christian knowledge from being perverted by the devil's falsehoods. And against this danger it behoves the rulers of the churches especially to guard and to avert from the minds of simple folk lies which are coloured by a certain show of truth.
Thomas Aquinas
And second, it is necessary to pray for the preachers that they may be freed "from importunate and evil men," namely from false apostles, who are importunate in arguing and evil in deceiving. Or from persecutors, who pondered wickedness in their hearts. And the reason for this prayer is that "not all men have faith," for although they seem to have it, nonetheless they do not have true faith. "Lord, who has believed what we have heard?" (Isa 53:1). "Not all obey the Gospel" (Rom 10:16).
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