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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"For He hath put all things in subjection under His feet. But when He saith, All things are put in subjection, it is manifest that He is excepted who did subject all things unto Him." "And when all things have been subjected unto Him, then shall the Son also Himself be subjected unto Him that did subject all things unto Him." And yet before he said not that it was the Father who "put things under Him," but He Himself who "abolishes." For "when He shall have abolished," saith he, "all rule and authority:" and again, "for He must reign …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Since he said of the Son that He will put down the enemies and raise a trophy, he feared lest they consider the Son some other unbegotten principle. Therefore he refers everything to the Father, saying that He subjected the enemies to the Son. And since he was writing to Greeks, among whom there was a tale that Zeus rose up against his Father, he says that everything is subjected to the Son, except the Father. For it is He who subjected everything else to the Son.
Irenaeus
The presbyters, the disciples of the apostles, affirm that this is the gradation and arrangement of those who are saved, and that they advance through steps of this nature; also that they ascend through the Spirit to the Son, and through the Son to the Father, and that in due time the Son will yield up His work to the Father, even as it is said by the apostle, "For He must reign till He hath put all enemies under His feet. …
Western Saints
Hilary of Poitiers
Hence the Apostle, to make his explanation of this Mystery complete, after saying that death is the last enemy to be conquered, adds: But when He saith, all things are put in subjection except Him, Who did subject all things to Him, then must He be subjected to Him, that did subject all things to Him, that God may be all in all. The first step of the Mystery is that all things are subjected to Him: then He is subjected to Him, Who subjects all things to Himself. …
Thomas Aquinas
948. – That death itself will be subjected to Christ he proves with an authority (Ps 8:8): Thou hast put all things under his feet, i.e., under His humanity, namely, Christ's. "And every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord" (Phil 2:11); "To me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear" (Is 45:23). 949. – From this authority he argues, saying: But when it says. The reasoning is this: The prophet says, you have subjected all things; by saying all things, nothing is excluded, except the one who subjects. …
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