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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
Ver. 6. "Which He shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Saviour." Thus we need the Spirit abundantly.
Theophylact of Ohrid
How is this evident? "Whom He poured out," he says, "upon us abundantly." He not only recreated us through Him, but also generously bestowed Him upon us, so that this too might be manifest through Him. And rightly so. After He had cleansed us, He abundantly filled us with the Spirit as well. This is what "poured out" means. For what is clean does not enter into the unclean. And this was accomplished through Jesus: He is the mediator and bestower of all blessings.
Oecumenius
Whom He poured out richly upon us through Jesus Christ our Savior, so that, having been justified by His grace, we might become heirs according to the hope of eternal life. He poured out richly upon us. Which spirit? The one whom, Paul says, poured out richly upon us through Jesus Christ. He says that we needed great spiritual grace, so that not only might we be justified from past sins, but also become heirs of life; for this reason, He poured out. by His grace. Of Christ, and of the Holy Spirit. we might become heirs. …
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
But what power can cause the heart to be cleansed? The power that comes from the holy and undivided Trinity: "in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit" (Matt 28:19). Hence at Christ's baptism were present the Father in the voice, the Son in the flesh, and the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove. Hence he says, of the Holy Spirit, i.e., which the Holy Spirit accomplishes: "you shall send forth your Spirit, and they shall be created: and you shall renew the face of the earth" (Ps 104:30). …
Bonaventure
Grace arises in us through the Word inspired. However much God sent His Son into the flesh, unless you believe Him crucified, you will not have grace. Whence the Apostle to Titus: "Not by works of justice which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us, through the laver of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit, whom He poured out abundantly upon us through Jesus Christ, our Savior." It is the Holy Spirit who is the giver of graces and the love proceeding from the Father and the Son. …
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