John Chrysostom

"And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the first-fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves." That is, having had a taste of the things to come. For even if any should be quite stone hard, he means what has been given already is enough to raise him up, and draw him off from things present, and to wing him after things to come in two ways, both by the greatness of the things that are given, and by the fact that, great and numerous as they are, they are but first-fruits. …

Homily on Romans 14 ↗

Theophylact of Ohrid

He adds that "we ourselves also, having the firstfruits of the Spirit," that is, having tasted the future blessings, "groan," because we do not yet possess them, for we form our conception of the future blessings from the gifts we have received (for these gifts are the firstfruits). Then, lest the heretics have occasion to think that the world is evil and that this is why we groan, he says: "waiting for the adoption." How so? We have already been adopted: what other adoption then shall we receive? …

Commentary on Romans ↗

Ambrose of Milan

This adoption of sons is the redemption of the whole body, when he who is to be the son of God by adoption shall see face to face that Divine and Eternal Good; for there is the adoption of sons in the Church of God, when the Spirit cries, Abba, Father, as it is written to the Galatians. But this will be perfected when all shall rise again in incorruption power and glory who are counted worthy to see the Face of God, for then the human race will judge itself to be truly redeemed.

Letter 35 ↗

Thomas Aquinas

After showing the excellence of future glory from the longing of the creature, the Apostle now shows the same from the longing of the apostles. For that cannot be a trifle which is desired so anxiously by great men. In regard to this he does two things. First, he states his proposition; second, he proves it, at "for we are saved by hope." In regard to the first he does three things. …

Commentary on Romans ↗