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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
The disciples experienced some feeling of human weakness; wherefore the evangelist also adds this note, saying, "In that hour;" when He had preferred him to all. For of James too, and John, one was a firstborn son, but no such thing as this had He done for them. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
In that same hour came the disciples unto Jesus, saying, Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven? When they saw that Peter had been honored by Christ (for he had been honored by being instructed to give the coin for Christ and for himself), they fell prey to a human weakness and were stung by jealousy. So they approached and asked the Lord craftily, "Who is the greatest?"
Western Saints
Jerome
At that time the disciples came to Jesus, saying, Who do you think is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven? This has often been discussed and is still worth considering. We must examine the reasons for each of the Lord's words and actions. After finding the coin, after paying the taxes, what does the sudden question from the apostles mean? At that time the disciples came to Jesus, saying, Who do you think is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven? …
Thomas Aquinas
Above the Lord showed the future glory in his transfiguration; here he treats of the advancement toward that glory. And it is divided into two parts, because first he teaches how one must arrive at it; secondly, certain persons are rebuked who inordinately seek preeminence in glory, which begins in chapter 20. Regarding the first, he first teaches how one must arrive at that glory by the common way; secondly, how by the way of perfection, which begins in chapter 19. …
Remigius of Rheims
In the understanding of grace, or in ecclesiastical dignity, or at least in everlasting blessedness.
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