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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"And after six days He taketh with Him Peter and James and John." Now another says, "after eight," not contradicting this writer, but most fully agreeing with him. For the one expressed both the very day on which He spake, and that on which He led them up; but the other, the days between them only. But mark thou, I pray thee, the severe goodness of Matthew, not concealing those who were preferred to himself. This John also often doth, recording the peculiar praises of Peter with great sincerity. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
And after six days Jesus taketh Peter, James, and John his brother. This does not contradict what Luke says, "And it came to pass about eight days after these sayings" (Lk 9:28). For Luke counts both the first day and the last day on which they ascended the mountain. But Matthew counts only the days in between. Christ took Peter because of Peter's strong love for Him; He took John, because Christ loved him; and He took James, because James, too, was zealous. …
Western Saints
Jerome
And after six days, Jesus took Peter and James, and John his brother. Why Peter, James, and John are separated from the others in some places in the Gospels, or what privilege they have over the other apostles, we have frequently discussed. Now it is asked how he assumed them after six days, and led them to a high mountain apart: since the evangelist Luke mentions the number eight (Luke 9). But the answer is easy, because here the intermediate days are placed, the first and the last are added. …
Hilary of Poitiers
Indeed, in this type of event, reason, harmony and example are served. For after six days the appearance of the Lord's glory is revealed. No doubt, with the cycles of six thousand years having unfolded, the glory of the heavenly kingdom is prefigured. And the three were taken up in analogy to the descent of the three, Shem, Ham and Japheth. By this the coming election to divine favor of the people is shown.
Thomas Aquinas
In the preceding part he showed the power of the Gospel teaching, etc.; here he shows the end, which is future glory. And concerning this he does two things. First, he shows how it was demonstrated in the transfiguration; secondly, how one can arrive at it, in chapter 18, in that hour, etc. Concerning the first, two things. First, the future glory is demonstrated; secondly, he commands concealment; thirdly, he presents a question. …
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