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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
What then did they? They go forth, it is said, and take counsel together to slay Him. For "the Pharisees," saith the Scripture, "went out and held a council against Him, how they might destroy Him." They had received no injury, yet they went about to slay Him. So great an evil is envy. For not against strangers only, but even against our own, is it ever warring. And Mark saith, they took this counsel with the Herodians. What then doth the gentle and meek One? He withdrew, on being aware of it.
Theophylact of Ohrid
What spite! When good is done to them they become enraged. Jesus withdrew, as it was not yet the time for His Passion, and also to spare them from falling to the crime of murder. He did this to show that it is not God-pleasing to throw oneself into danger. Notice the word "departed"; it is when they departed from God that they plotted to destroy Jesus. For no one who abides in God would plot such things.
Western Saints
Jerome
But the Pharisees went out and plotted against him, how they might destroy him. The reason they plot against the Lord is envy. For what had he done to provoke the Pharisees to kill him? It was because he had stretched out his hand. For who among the Pharisees does not stretch out their hand on the Sabbath, carrying food and extending a cup, and all the other things that are necessary for sustenance? …
Hilary of Poitiers
The Pharisees are moved with jealousy at what had been done; because beholding the outward body of a man, they did not recognize the God in His works; The Pharisees went out and sought counsel against him, how they might destroy him.
Thomas Aquinas
But the Pharisees went away, namely, from the synagogue, in fulfillment of Psalm 54 (v. 3): "The synagogue of powerful men has risen against me." They went away, therefore, to do evil, as it says in Job (1:12): "So Satan went forth from the presence of the Lord." And took counsel, i.e., how they might destroy and kill him, because they were unable to overcome him by words: "Blessed is the man who has not gone aside in the counsel of the wicked" (Ps 1:1).
Translation