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Translation
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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
Theophylact of Ohrid
Since some were grumbling that the Lord went into the house of a sinful man, in order to shut their mouths, He says: "The Son of Man has come to seek and to save that which was lost." Such is the literal meaning. But one can conveniently explain this in another way as well, for the benefit of moral instruction. …
Western Saints
Augustine of Hippo
"The Son of man came to seek and to save what was lost." All were lost. From the moment the one man sinned, in whom the whole race was contained, the whole race was lost. One man without sin came. He would save them from sin.
Bede
Indeed, the Son of Man came to seek and to save what was lost. This is what he says elsewhere: "I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners" (Matt. IX). The merciful Teacher certainly does not disdain to explain his mysteries to the murmuring crowds, showing clearly that the repentance of sinners is not to be despised, as the Son of God himself was sent to earth especially for this reason. …
Bonaventure
Thirdly, with regard to the motivating reason, he adds: For the Son of Man came to seek, through wisdom; the Psalm: "I have gone astray like a sheep that was lost; seek your servant, O Lord," etc. And to save what had perished, namely through mercy: the last chapter of Second Paralipomenon: "Unworthy as I am, you will save me according to your great mercy"; and this is saving mercy. …
Translation