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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"He remaineth with you." This showeth that even after death It departeth not. But lest when they heard of the "Paraclete," they should imagine a second Incarnation, and expect to see It with their eyes, He setteth them right by saying, "Whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth Him not." "He will not be with you as I have been, but will dwell in your very souls"; for this is the, "shall be in you." He calleth it the "Spirit of truth"; thus explaining the types in the Old Testament. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
"The Spirit of truth," He says. That is, the Spirit not of the Old Testament, for it is a figure and shadow, but of the New, which is truth. Those who lived under the Law also had the Spirit, but they had it in figures and shadows, whereas now, one might say, the Truth itself essentially descended to the disciples. And lest they think that the Spirit, like Him, would also become incarnate, He says that the world cannot receive Him. "He," He says, "will teach you not as I do, for the world cannot receive Him bodily. …
Western Saints
Augustine of Hippo
"But ye," He adds, "shall know Him; for He shall dwell with you, and be in you." He will be in them, that He may dwell with them; He will not dwell with them to the end that He may be in them: for the being anywhere is prior to the dwelling there. …
Bede
He calls "the world" the inhabitants of this world who are given over to love of it. In contrast, the saints are on fire with a desire for heavenly things.… And so, anyone who is searching for consolation outwardly in the things of the world is not capable of being reformed inwardly by the favor of divine consolation. Whoever yearns after lowly delight cannot receive the Spirit of truth. …
Thomas Aquinas
The Spirit is a most excellent gift because he is the Spirit of truth. He is called the Spirit to show the subtlety or fineness of his nature, for the word "spirit" is used to indicate something which is undiscoverable and invisible. And so what is invisible is usually referred to as a spirit. The Holy Spirit also is undiscoverable and invisible: "The Spirit blows where it wills, and you hear the sound of it, but you do not know where it comes from or where it goes" (3:8). …
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