Gregory the Dialogist

HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION When Satan has a desire to tempt the holy man, and yet tells the Lord that He must put forth His hand against him, it is very deserving of notice that even he, who is so especially lifted up against the Maker of all things, never claims to himself the power to strike; for the devil knows well that he is unable to do any thing of himself, for neither in that he is a spirit does he subsist by himself. …

Morals on the Book of Job, Book II ↗

Thomas Aquinas

Satan wants to show that Job had served God because of the earthly prosperity he had attained using an argument based on opposition. For if after earthly prosperity comes to an end Job ceased fearing God, it would become clear that he feared God because of the earthly prosperity he was enjoying. So he adds, "Put forth your hand just a little and touch all that he has," by taking it away, "If he does not bless (benedixerit) you to your face," i.e. curse you openly. …

Commentary on Job ↗