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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
Theophylact of Ohrid
The apostle knows that pride, beginning with contempt and slander, brings those who trample on the meek to utter humiliation. Drawing them away from this, he wishes by the present statement to bring them to their senses. "Judges the law" means despises it, for the one who judges does so out of contempt. What law does he judge? First, the one that commands: "Judge not, and you shall not be judged" (Luke 6:37). Second, the one expressed in the psalm: "Whoever secretly slanders his neighbor, him I will destroy" (Ps. 101:5). …
Oecumenius
Do not speak ill of one another my brethren. He that speaks ill of his brother, or he that judges his brother, speaks ill of the Law, and judges the Law. But if you judge the Law, you are not a doer of the Law, but a judge. For there is one law-maker, and judge that can destroy and deliver. But you, who are you that judges another? "Do not speak ill of one another." New pride and arrogance arise from contempt and speaks ill against the meek, which drives those who use it to complete contempt for these things. …
Western Saints
Bede
He who slanders a brother or judges his brother, slanders the law and judges the law. He slanders the law who slanders a brother, as if it were not right for it to have forbidden slander, saying through the Prophet: "I pursued the one who secretly slanders his neighbor" (Psalm 101). And in Leviticus: "You shall not be a slanderer, nor a whisperer among the people" (Leviticus 19). It can also be understood this way: He who slanders a brother who is obeying the law, slanders the law and judges the law that gave such commands. …
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