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What the Fathers say

Isaiah 14:9

Western Saints

Jerome

The underworld also, disturbed and turned towards bitterness, at the approach of the true Nebuchadnezzar, is the place of punishments and tortures, in which the rich one clothed in purple appears: to whom the Lord descended, in order to release the prisoners from the prison. We can speak of the opposing inferno and the angel who is placed in charge of the punishments of the underworld, who raised all the giants: for which some call them Raphaims, others call them Titans. …

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Thomas Aquinas

Hell below. Here the insult of the dead against Nabuchodonosor is set out, and first, that of the princes and the powerful, second, of the others: they that shall see you (Isa 14:16). Concerning the first, he does two things. First, he sets out the meeting with the lower regions, as to the ministers of punishments or officials: hell, that is, the devil, who is set over hell, below, for hell is below, was in an uproar, that is, turned to tumult, as if this could happen, below (ch. 30). …

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