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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"He learned obedience by the things which He suffered." What obedience? He that before this had been obedient even unto death, as a Son to His Father, how did He afterwards learn? Seest thou that this is spoken concerning the Incarnation? ..."He learned," he saith, to obey God. Here again he shows how great is the gain of sufferings. "And having been made perfect," he says, "He became the Author of salvation to them that obey Him." But if He, being the Son, gained obedience from His sufferings, much more shall we. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
He became accustomed, he says, to obeying God the Father, having learned this through sufferings. What is said here seems simply incredible. For how did He learn obedience through sufferings, He Who before His sufferings was so obedient to the Father that He accepted the sufferings themselves as a result of obedience? For, he says, He "became obedient even unto death" (Phil. 2:8). …
Oecumenius
"Although he was a Son, he learned obedience through what he suffered." Therefore, he says, He was so obedient (and He obeyed as is fitting for a Son to the Father) that after He was incarnate, He even endured the cross to death. "And He learned from what He suffered." He indeed says, What is death, being God? For what has God not known? But also from what he suffered, he learned. Not only, he says, as he was God, but also as he was man, having experienced death. In another way.
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
258. – Having listed three things which pertain to a high priest and showed that two of them were verified, namely, the office and the proper way of attaining it, the Apostle now considers the third thing which a high priest should have, namely, mercy and compassion. In regard to this he does two things: first, he shows what He suffered; secondly, what benefits accrued even to others (v. 9). 259. – He says, therefore: I have stated that a high priest should be such as to be able to have compassion. But Christ is such a high priest. …
Bonaventure
In Christ there was the fullness of all wisdom not only with respect to things known, but also with regard to the modes and differences of knowing. For in Christ there was sempiternal cognition on the part of the Deity, sensible cognition on the part of the sensuality and the flesh, scientific cognition on the part of the mind and spirit—and this was threefold: one namely through nature, one through grace, and one through glory. …
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