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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"Take heed, brethren, lest there be in any of you an evil heart of unbelief in departing from the living God." For from hardness unbelief ariseth: and as in bodies, the parts that have become callous and hard do not yield to the hands of the physicians, so also souls that are hardened yield not to the word of God. For it is probable besides that some even disbelieved as though the things which had been done were not true. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
This is said for the purpose of intimidation. There were probably some who did not believe in the truth of what was said about retribution, and therefore wished to test the power of God and His care for them in the trials to which they were subjected. Therefore he guards them, reminding them of what those who did not believe endured in ancient times. For future terrors do not restrain many as much as past ones that are already known to all. Note also that from unbelief everyone passes to evil thoughts and to equally evil deeds. …
Oecumenius
"an evil heart." There are many wicked hearts of unbelief. For there is a wicked heart of unbelief, which does not believe, but is greedy for gain, is arrogant, is drunken, and many other things. Moreover, and incomparably, a heart is a wicked heart of unbelief, which departs from the faith in God. Therefore, see," he says, "that there never be in any of you an evil heart of unbelief." And of unbelief, I say, he means the departure from the living God. And he says well. An evil heart of unbelief. …
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
185. – Above, the Apostle showed on the authority of the Psalmist that Christ must be obeyed strictly. In that authority he found three things, namely, the exhortation, the guilt, and the punishment. These he now explains in that order: first, the exhortation; secondly, the guilt (v. 16); thirdly, the punishment (v. 18). In regard to the first he does two things: first, he exhorts them to be carefully attentive; secondly, to mutual exhortation (v. 12). 186. – He says, therefore, take care. …
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