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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"And others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings, yea moreover of bonds and imprisonment." He ends with these; with things that come nearer home. For these examples especially bring consolation, when the distress is from the same cause, since even if you mention something more extreme, yet unless it arise from the same cause, you have effected nothing. Therefore he concluded his discourse with this, mentioning "bonds, imprisonments, scourges, stonings," alluding to the case of Stephen, also to that of Zacharias.
Theophylact of Ohrid
For example, Elisha, who became an object of mockery for the youths (4 Kings 2:23), or Samson for the foreigners, after they gouged out his eyes (Judges 16:25). Many of the prophets, then Peter and John (Acts 5:40–41). For example, Jeremiah (Jer. 33:1) and Micaiah (1 Kings 22:26), and subsequently the apostles, for example, Peter and John (see Acts 5:18 and others).
Oecumenius
"Others suffered mocking," such as Elisha (2 Kings 2), those around Peter later and John. "and even chains and imprisonment." Jeremiah and Micah. (Jer. 32:38; 1 Kings 22)
Western Saints
Jerome
I know that some criticize this passage, questioning why only one evangelist, Judas, is mentioned as being upset, when it is said that all the apostles were indignant. They do not understand the figure of speech known as synecdoche, by which one person can be used to represent all, or one can be used to represent many. …
Thomas Aquinas
646. – Then (v. 36) he mentions the evils inflicted on them in regard to derision by words, saying, others suffered mocking, as Samson in Judges (chap. 16), Tobias, Job and Isaiah: 'I have turned away my face from them that rebuked me and spit upon me' (Is. 50:6); and Jeremiah (20:8) says: 'The word of the Lord is made a reproach to me, and a derision all the day.' In regard to deeds he says, and scourging, as Micah, of whom it is written in 1 Kings (22:24) that Zedekiah struck him on the cheek. …
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