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Translation
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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"As many as desire to make a fair show in the flesh, they compel you to be circumcised; only that they may not be persecuted for the cross of Christ. For not even they who receive circumcision do themselves keep the Law; but they desire to have you circumcised, that they may glory in your flesh." Here he shows that they suffered this, not willingly but of necessity, and affords them an opportunity of retreat, almost speaking in their defence, and exhorting them to abandon their teachers with all speed. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
"Those wishing," he says, "to boast according to the flesh," that is, among people, namely among the Jews (for they reproached them as apostates from ancestral customs), "compel you to be circumcised," justifying themselves before the Jews through your flesh. And by the word "compel" he showed that they bear it unwillingly, and at the same time gives them an impulse to return, as to those who have gone astray involuntarily. And for another reason too, he says, they do this. …
Oecumenius
"Those who desire to make a good showing." He says: those who wish to be approved by men, these compel you to be circumcised. By what kind of men? Either by Jews as keepers of the ancestral law, or by outsiders as though you were their disciples. For "in the flesh," that is, in men. "be circumcised." They wish to have others circumcised, so that they not be harassed on account of the cross and the faith, and so that they may endure persecution. …
Western Saints
Jerome
Whoever wants to please in the flesh, these compel you to be circumcised, only so that they may not suffer persecution for the cross of Christ. He shows above where he has subscribed with his own hand: now he repeats what he has written. Gaius Caesar, and Octavian Augustus, and Tiberius, successor of Augustus, had promulgated laws that the Jews who were scattered throughout the entire Roman Empire should live according to their own customs and perform their ancestral ceremonies. …
Thomas Aquinas
He then follows with the admonition, saying, "For as many as desire to please in the flesh, they constrain you to be circumcised." First, he exposes the intention of the seducers; Secondly, he shows that his intention is contrary to theirs (v. 14). Concerning the first, he lays down one fact and two intentions that are mutually related. …
Translation