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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"And put on the new man." Seest thou that the subject is one, but the clothing is twofold, that which is put off, and that which is put on? "The new man," he continues, "which after God hath been created in righteousness and holiness of truth." Now wherefore does he call virtue a man? And wherefore vice, a man? Because a man cannot be shown without acting; so that these things, no less than nature, show a man, whether he be good or evil. …
Gregory of Nyssa
The divine apostle more clearly sets before us by his own words when he charges us, "Put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ," and also where (using the same word) he says, "Put on the new man which after God is created." For if the garment of salvation is one, and that is Christ, one cannot say that "the new man, which after God is created," is any other than Christ, but it is clear that he who has "put on Christ" has "put on the new man which after God is created." For actually He alone is properly named "the new man," Who did not appear …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Do you see that the subject is one and the same, which draws into itself and is clothed upon, but the garments are different, namely vice and virtue? For just as it is easy to undress and dress, so too are vice and virtue easy, if we so desire. Why then does he represent vice and virtue under the image of a man? Because a man is characterized by his deeds, and they reveal a man no less than his nature — whether he is good or evil. …
Western Saints
Jerome
The metaphors of creating and establishing are never spoken of in Scripture except in great works. The world is created. A city is established. But observe that a house, however grand it may be, is more commonly said to be built than established or created. Note then that it is a great work of God when it is said that "the new person is created by God in Christ." This creature towers over the other creatures. …
Thomas Aquinas
"And put on the new man" discloses in whom this renewal takes place. Adam introduced sin into all men, and thus became for everything the primary source of oldness. Likewise, the primary source of newness and renovation is Christ. In Adam all die and in Christ all will be brought back to life. "For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision availeth any thing, nor uncircumcision; but a new creature" (Gal. 6:15). Therefore, "Put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ" (Rom. 13:14). …
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