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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"That ye may be filled unto all the fulness of God." What he means is this. Although the love of Christ lies above the reach of all human knowledge, yet shall ye know it, if ye shall have Christ dwelling in you, yea, not only shall know from Him this, but shall even "be filled unto all the fulness of God;" meaning by the "fulness of God," either the knowledge how God is worshipped in the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, or else urging them thus to use every effort, in order to be filled with all virtue, of which God is full.
Theophylact of Ohrid
And may you be able, he says, to know the love of Christ, which surpasses all understanding. How then shall we know it, when it surpasses all comprehension? First, he said that the love surpasses comprehension, of course, human comprehension; but you will know it not by human thought, but by the Spirit. Then, he did not say that you will know its exact measure, but precisely this, that it is great and surpasses all comprehension. This I pray that you may know by the Spirit. And who, he says, does not know this? …
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
Next, since further knowledge is also necessary—a knowledge of the mysteries of the humanity—he goes on to know also the charity of Christ. For whatever occurred in the mystery of human redemption and Christ's incarnation was the work of love. He was born out of charity: "For his exceeding charity wherewith he loved us even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together in Christ" (Eph. 2:4-5). That he died also sprang from charity: "Greater love than this no man hath, that a man lay down his life for his friends" (Jn. 15:13). …
Bonaventure
The end-state, however, or fruit of Sacred Scripture is not just anything, but the fullness of eternal happiness. For this is the Scripture in which are the words of eternal life, which was therefore written not only that we might believe, but also that we might possess eternal life, in which indeed we shall see, we shall love, and our desires shall be universally fulfilled; and when these are fulfilled, we shall then truly know the charity that surpasses knowledge, and thus we shall be filled unto all the fullness of God. …
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