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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
Dost thou perceive the type? What is this Pentecost? The time when the sickle was to be put to the harvest, and the ingathering was made. See now the reality, when the time was come to put in the sickle of the word: for here, as the sickle, keen-edged, came the Spirit down. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Why did this happen "when the day of Pentecost had come"? Because when the sickle was to come down upon the harvest, when it was time to gather the fruits, then the sickle of the word also had to come down; and as if in place of a sickle, the sharpened Holy Spirit descended. And Christ says: "The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few" (Matt. 9:37), and in another place: "Look at the fields, how they are already white for harvest" (John 4:35). …
Oecumenius
"when the day of Pentecost was being fulfilled." That is, at Pentecost, about that feast itself, when the season of spiritual ripeness brings the sickle, when because of the feast many of those who had crucified him were present, and in order that they might receive the reproach for their own murder.
Western Saints
Augustine of Hippo
The Holy Spirit, through whom love is shed abroad in our hearts, which is the fulfilment of the law, is designated in the gospel as "the finger of God." Is it not because those very tables of the law were written by the finger of God, that the Spirit of God by whom we are sanctified is also the finger of God, in order that, living by faith, we may do good works through love? Who is not touched by this congruity, and at the same time diversity? …
Bede
And when the days of Pentecost were completed, they were all together in the same place. Some Codices incorrectly have, Pentecosten. For Pentecoste in the nominative case means fiftieth; Pentecostes in the genitive, fiftieth's; Pentecosten in the accusative, fiftieth. However, no rule of speech allows us to say Pentecosten, when it should be said: When the fiftieth day was completed; or certainly as it is read in Greek in the singular number: And when the fiftieth day was completed. …
Cassiodorus
"When the days of the Pentecost were accomplished, they were all together in one place," etc. When fifty days had passed, as the Lord Christ had promised them, there was suddenly a mighty sound from heaven as the Holy Ghost came, and heavenly fire appeared above the heads of all who were sitting in the house, and they began to speak the tongues of various nations. …
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