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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
He had said in the former Epistle, that "the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith" (1 Tim. iv. 1, 1 Tim. iv. 2.); and elsewhere in this Epistle he foretells that something of this kind will afterwards happen; and here again he does the same thing: "This know, that in the last days perilous times shall come." And this he pronounces not only from the future, but from the past; "As Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses." And again from reasoning; "In a great house there are not only vessels …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Since in those times there were many evil people, so that Timothy would not be troubled by this, the apostle first said to him: "in a great house" and so on, and now says that evil people will exist afterward as well. Even in the time of Moses there were Jannes and Jambres. Consequently, this phenomenon is not new and it will not continue only until your time. Therefore do not be indignant. The times will be perilous, that is, very bad. …
Oecumenius
Even in the days of Moses, there were Jannes and Jambres (Ex. 7; 2 Tim. 3:8), as he says: for this is what the words about the golden and pottery vessels signify. Therefore, these types always exist, but especially in the last times. difficult times. It is not the times or the days that are to blame, but the wicked people living in them. For we call times good or bad based on what happens in them.
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
Above, he instructed him how to handle present tribulations and dangers; here he shows him how to stand against future ones: first, he predicts some dangers that are to come; second, he shows his fitness to resist them, at but you have fully known my doctrine (2 Tim 3:10); third, how to resist, at I charge you before God (2 Tim 4:1). In regard to the first he does two things: first, he foretells the dangers that will come in the last days; second, he shows that their vices are even now to be avoided, at now these avoid. …
Hippolytus of Rome
As these things, then, are in the future, and as the ten toes of the image are equivalent to (so many) democracies, and the ten horns of the fourth beast are distributed over ten kingdoms, let us look at the subject a little more closely, and consider these matters as in the clear light of a personal survey. …
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