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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
He joins the unwritten to the written, as he has done also in another place, saying, "He that is joined to an harlot is one body; for the twain," saith He, "shall become one flesh." Howbeit, this was spoken of lawful marriage; but he diverted its application unto this thing conveniently, so as to terrify them the more. And so he doth here also, setting his comings and his warnings in the place of witnesses. And what he says is this: "I spoke once and again when I was with you; I speak also now by letter. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Just as God Himself threatens much but always delays punishment, so too Paul, imitating Him, gathers many witnesses beforehand, saying: as it is written, that at the mouth of two or three witnesses every word shall be established, that is, confirmed (Deut. 17:6), so also by my three comings every threatening word of mine is determined and will be confirmed against you, if you do not repent. For he puts his comings in the place of witnesses.
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
Having said many things to the disadvantage of the false apostles, the Apostle now speaks against those who have been misled by them. In regard to this he does two things. First, he rebukes those who have been misled; secondly, he congratulates those who remained faithful (v. 11). In regard to the first he does three things. First, he threatens a severe sentence; secondly, he discloses his judiciary power (v. 3); thirdly, he warns them to amend themselves (v. 5). In regard to the first he does three things. …
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