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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"But if any widow have children or grandchildren, let them learn first to show piety at home, and to requite their parents." Observe the discretion of Paul; how often he urges men from human considerations. For he does not here lay down any great and lofty motive, but one that is easy to be understood: "to requite their parents." How? For bringing them up and educating them. As if he should say, Thou hast received from them great care. They are departed. Thou canst not requite them. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
That is, let children and grandchildren learn to honor their mother, providing her with rest and sustenance. For εὐσεβεῖν – "to act piously" here means – to give rest to one's mother or grandmother in old age. The dignity of parents is a divine dignity, so that to give them rest means to be pious, and conversely, not to give them rest in old age is impiety. Render to parents, that is, to mother or grandmother. …
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
Then when he says, but if any widow, he explains who truly are widows: first, he shows who truly are; second, who are not, at for she who is a widow. In regard to the first he does two things: first, he deals with the institution of those who are really widows; second, he assigns the reason, at for this is acceptable. Therefore, he instructs such to learn first to govern her own house: they taught their daughter to take care of the family (Tob 10:13). …
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