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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
A thick mist, a darkness and cloud is spread over all the earth. And, showing this, the Apostle said, "For we were once darkness." (Eph. v. 8) And again, "Ye, brethren, are not in darkness, that that day should overtake you as a thief." Since therefore there is, so to speak, a moonless night, and we walk in that night, God hath given us a bright lamp, having kindled in our souls the grace of the Holy Spirit. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Since the present life is a night, God gave us a bright lamp — the Holy Spirit. But this lamp some made brighter, as all the saints did; while others extinguished it, as the five virgins who left it without oil, as the Corinthian fornicator who poured impurity into it. Therefore he said: "Do not quench the Spirit," that is, the gift. Lock the doors, that is, the senses, so that the spirit of wickedness does not enter and the lamp is not extinguished. Do not bring in earthly cares, and the lamp will remain unquenchable. …
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
Then when he says, do not quench the Spirit, he shows them how they are to regard the gifts of God. First, Paul shows that they must not curtail them; secondly, that they must not have a disdain for the gifts of God (5:20). The Holy Spirit is a divine, incorruptible and eternal person; and so He cannot be extinguished in His own substance. Nevertheless someone is said to quench the Spirit, in one way, by extinguishing the ardor for the Spirit either in himself or in somebody else. "Be aglow with the Spirit" (Rom. 12:11). …
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