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Translation
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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
Theophylact of Ohrid
By "judgment" the apostle here means not condemnation, but examination, investigation. He strikes fear into them in order to turn them away from a dissolute life. This is why he also adds: if your life is examined first, then what end will there be for the disobedient? Judgment begins first with the house of God. For, in the words of Basil the Great, we naturally grow indignant with our own household members when they offend us. And God's own are none other than the faithful who fill His house, that is, the Church. …
Oecumenius
"For it is time for judgment to begin with God's household." It makes them anxious and terrifies them, driving them away from sloth and a relaxed life; therefore, it also adds: "If the investigation of matters already done begins first with us who are the house of God, what should we think will be the end of those who did not believe? …
Clement of Alexandria
"Since," it is said, "it is time for judgment beginning at the house of God." For judgment will overtake these in the appointed persecutions.
Western Saints
Bede
For the time has come for judgment to begin at the house of God. There are two judgments of God indicated by Scripture: one hidden, the other manifest. The hidden judgment is the punishment by which each human being is now either exercised for purification or admonished for conversion, or, if he has scorned the call and discipline of God, blinded for condemnation. The manifest judgment is when the Lord is to come to judge the living and the dead. …
Translation