Fathers

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What the Fathers say

1 Peter 3:22

Eastern Fathers

Theophylact of Ohrid

To whom is this "to him"? To the man taken by Him into union with Himself.

Commentary on 1 Peter ↗

Polycarp of Smyrna

"Wherefore, girding up your loins," "serve the Lord in fear" and truth, as those who have forsaken the vain, empty talk and error of the multitude, and "believed in Him who raised up our Lord Jesus Christ from the dead, and gave Him glory," and a throne at His right hand. To Him all things in heaven and on earth are subject. Him every spirit serves. He comes as the Judge of the living and the dead. His blood will God require of those who do not believe in Him. …

Epistle to the Philippians 2 ↗

Clement of Alexandria

"Angels being subjected to Him," which are the first order; and "principalities" being subject, who are of the second order; and "powers" being also subject, which are said to belong to the third order.

From the Latin Translation of Cassiodorus ↗

Western Saints

Bede

Having gone up to heaven, etc. There is no doubt that all angels and all powers and authorities of the heavenly homeland have always been subject to the Son of God, whom they praise, tremble before, and adore as one God with the Father and the Holy Spirit without beginning. But blessed Peter necessarily considered it appropriate to note that the assumed humanity is so gloriously exalted by the resurrection that it is preferred by an incomparable summit to the dignity of all angelic power. …

Commentary on the Catholic Epistles ↗