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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
For with these same discoursing he saith, "And if the world shall be judged by you, are ye unworthy to judge the smallest matters?" For as the Christian ought to be far removed from arrogance, so also from flattery and a mean spirit. Thus, if any one says, "I count money as nothing, but all things here are to me as a shadow, and a dream, and child's play;" we are not at all to charge him as arrogant; since in this way we shall have to accuse Solomon himself of arrogance, for speaking austerely on these things, saying "Vanity of …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Since the faithful, as unlearned people, seemed incapable of judging disputes, he imparts to them weight and importance: first, he called them saints, then said that they will judge the world. This should not, however, be understood as though they will occupy the seats of judges and pronounce verdicts (the Lord will judge); no, they will only condemn (κατακρινοῦσιν). Indeed, if they, being like all others, turned out to be believers, while those others did not believe, is this not a condemnation of the unbelievers? …
Dionysius of Alexandria
Those sainted martyrs, accordingly, who were once with us, and who now are seated with Christ, and are sharers in His kingdom, and partakers with Him in His judgment, and who act as His judicial assessors, received there certain of the brethren who had fallen away, and who had become chargeable with sacrificing to the idols. …
Western Saints
Thomas Aquinas
Then when he says, Do you not know, he gives a reason against this policy, inasmuch as it detracts from the full power of the saints. First, in regard to the power they have over worldly affairs; secondly, in regard to the power they have over other-worldly things, i.e., over angels (v. 3). First, therefore, he says: It is unbecoming to take your lawsuits to unbelievers, because believers have authority to judge, for do you not know that the saints will judge the world, i.e., the worldly men of this world? …
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