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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"But when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall come to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory." Thus, since he was speaking of great and secret things, he again takes prophecy to confirm his word. "Death is swallowed up in victory:" i.e., utterly; not so much as a fragment of it remains nor a hope of returning, incorruption having consumed corruption.
Athanasius of Alexandria
For man is by nature afraid of death and of the dissolution of the body. But there is this most startling fact, that he who has put on the faith of the cross despises even what is naturally fearful and for Christ's sake is not afraid of death.
Theophylact of Ohrid
When this comes to pass, then what was written by the prophet Hosea (Hos. 13:14) will be fulfilled. Since he said something astonishing, he confirms the truth of his words with the testimony of Scripture. "In victory" (εις νίκος, unto victory), that is, completely, so that death, having been defeated, will be destroyed, and there remains for it not even the hope of ever regaining its power thereafter.
Western Saints
Augustine of Hippo
The apostle Paul seems to have directly pointed his finger at the flesh when he wrote: "this corruptible must put on incorruption." When he says this, he as good as points with his finger. That which is visible can be pointed at in this way. The soul cannot be pointed at, though it can be called corruptible, because it is corrupted by moral biases.
Thomas Aquinas
1016. – Then when he says, But when this mortal, he confirms what he had said by authority. And concerning this he does two things. First, he establishes the authority; secondly, from this he concludes three things (v. 55). 1017. – Therefore he says first: I said that this corruptible must put on incorruption, but when this mortal puts on immortality, then, namely, in the future (which is against those who say that the resurrection has already happened), then shall come to pass the saying that is written, that is, death is swallowed …
Bonaventure
In the death of Christ the separation of the soul from the flesh was so accomplished that nevertheless the unity of the person was preserved, and the union of both the flesh and the soul with the Deity. And because the union of the soul with the body makes a man and makes him living: hence it is that Christ was not a man during that triduum, although the soul and the flesh were united with the Word. …
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