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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
Having therefore made manifest the soothsayers and the prophets both by the first sign and also by the second, he next discourses of the wonders; not passing without reason to this topic, but so as to remove the dissension which had thence arisen, and to persuade both those that had the less portion not to grieve and those who had the greater not to be elated. Wherefore also he thus began. "Now there are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit." And first he attends on him that had the lesser gift, and was grieved on this account. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Having shown the difference between a prophet and a false prophet, he speaks also about the gifts, in order to correct those who were reaching the point of division because of them. And first he heals the one who received the lesser gift and therefore grieves. Why are you offended that you did not receive as much as another? This is not something owed, but a grace and a gift. Therefore be grateful that God, who owes you nothing, gave you something. Moreover, to both you and him the same God gave. …
Irenaeus
But as for us, we still dwell upon the earth, and have not yet sat down upon His throne. For although the Spirit of the Saviour that is in Him "searcheth all things, even the deep things of God," yet as to us "there are diversities of gifts, differences of administrations, and diversities of operations;" and we, while upon the earth, as Paul also declares, "know in part, and prophesy in part." Since, therefore, we know but in part, we ought to leave all sorts of [difficult] questions in the hands of Him who in some measure, [and that …
Western Saints
Ambrose of Milan
Now this cannot pertain to the fulness, nor to the dividing of the Spirit; for neither does the mind of man grasp His fulness, nor is He divided into any portions of Himself; but He pours into the soul the gift of spiritual grace, in which God is worshipped as He is also worshipped in truth, for no one worships Him except he who drinks in the truth of His Godhead with pious affection.
Thomas Aquinas
Then when he says, There are varieties of gifts, he begins to distinguish the charismatic graces: first, he distinguishes them in general; secondly, he manifests each in particular (v. 7). In things conferred by the grace of the Holy Spirit three things must be considered. First, indeed, men's faculty to work; secondly, the authority; thirdly, the execution of both. The faculty is had by the gift of grace; for example, by prophecy or the power to work miracles or by something of that sort. …
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