John Chrysostom

"Judge ye in yourselves: is it seemly that a woman pray unto God veiled?" Again he places them as judges of the things said, which also he did respecting the idol-sacrifices. For as there he saith, "judge ye what I say:" so here, "judge in yourselves:" and he hints something more awful here. For he says that the affront here passes on unto God: although thus indeed he doth not express himself, but in something of a milder and more enigmatical form of speech: "is it seemly that a woman pray unto God unveiled?"

Homily on 1 Corinthians 26 ↗

Theophylact of Ohrid

Again he sets them themselves as judges, so that he may fully confirm what he desires. Here he hints at something Terrible, namely that the dishonor ascends all the way to God.

Commentary on 1 Corinthians ↗

Thomas Aquinas

Then when he says, Judge for yourselves, he submits to his bearers' judgment the things he had said. In regard to this he does two things: first, he submits the judgment to his rational hearers; secondly, he subdues the impudent ones. In regard to the first he does four things: first, he submits to his hearers to judge what he had said, after the manner of one who is confident that he has sufficiently proved his point, saying: Judge for yourselves. For it pertains to a good hearer to judge what is heard. …

Commentary on 1 Corinthians ↗