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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
"Neither do men put new wine into old bottles." Seest thou His illustrations, how like the Old Testament? the garment? the wine skins? For Jeremiah too calls the people "a girdle," and makes mention again of "bottles" and of "wine." Thus, the discourse being about gluttony and a table, He takes His illustrations from the same. But Luke adds something more, that the new also is rent, if thou put it upon the old. Seest thou that so far from any advantage taking place, rather the mischief is increased? …
Western Saints
Jerome
What he means is this: Until someone is born again and the old self is removed through my suffering, and he puts on a new self, he cannot bear the stricter commands of fasting and continence, lest through excessive severity he lose even the faith that he seems to possess now. But he set forth two examples, both of the old and the new, and of clothing. By the old wineskins we must understand the scribes and Pharisees. …
Thomas Aquinas
Neither is new wine put into old wineskins. Here he presents the example about wine. As if to say: My disciples are like old wineskins. The new wine is the New Law by reason of newness; hence when they receive the Holy Spirit, they are said to be filled with new wine (Acts 2:13). Therefore, neither is new wine put into old wineskins; if it is, the skins burst. Hence if you impose a new manner of life on an old man who has certain ways of acting, his heart bursts, because he cannot stand it. …
Remigius of Rheims
After two comparisons made, that of the wedding, and that of the undressed cloth, He adds a third concerning wine skins; Neither do men put new wine into old skins. By the old skins He means His disciples, who were not yet perfectly renewed. The new wine is the fulness of the Holy Spirit, and the depths of the heavenly mysteries, which His disciples could not then bear; but after the resurrection they became as new skins, and were filled with new wine when they received the Holy Spirit into their hearts. …
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