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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
For when being sorrowful they began to say, "Is it I, Lord?" He answered and said, "He that dippeth with me in the dish, the same shall betray me." Now some say that he was so bold as not to honor his Master, but to dip with Him: but to me Christ seems to have done this too, to shame him the more, and bring him over to a better disposition. For this act again has something more in it. But these things we ought not to pass by at random, but they should be infixed in our minds, and wrath would find no place at any time. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Jesus openly reproves the betrayer since he did not amend his ways when he was reproved secretly. This is why He reveals him by saying, "He that dippeth his hand with Me," so that even now he might amend his ways. But Judas was shameless and dipped his hand into Christ's dish.
Western Saints
Jerome
But He answering, said: He that dippeth his hand with me in the dish, he shall betray me. Oh, the wondrous patience of the Lord! He had said first: one of you shall betray me. The traitor persists in evil, making it more evident, yet without clearly indicating his name. With the others saddened, holding back their hands, and denying the food to his mouth, with audacity and impudence, by which he was to betray, he even sends his hand into the dish with the master, in order to falsely testify to a clear conscience.
Thomas Aquinas
But he answering, said: he that dippeth his hand with me in the dish, he shall betray me. Here is set forth the foretelling from a prophetic word. And first, the prophetic foretelling is set forth; second, the necessity of the passion; third, the punishment of the betrayer. He says, then, but he answering, said. Concerning this can be understood Psalm 40:10: the man who ate my bread hath greatly supplanted me. He that dippeth his hand with me in the dish. Mark says in the platter. …
Rabanus Maurus
What Matthew calls 'paropsis,' Mark calls 'catinus.' The 'paropsis' is a square dish for meat, 'catinus,' an earthen vessel for containing fluids; this then might be a square earthen vessel.
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