Fathers

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What the Fathers say

Matthew 23:22

Western Saints

Thomas Aquinas

Then another reason is set forth: and he that swears by heaven, i.e., by heaven, does not swear by it except because it is the throne of God, and because the power of God is manifested there; hence he that swears by heaven swears by the throne of God, and by him that sits thereon. Psalm 10:5: God is in his holy temple, the Lord's throne is in heaven. And this is introduced there according to a likeness. …

Commentary on Matthew ↗

Glossa Ordinaria

For whoso swears by the creature that is subject, swears by the Divinity that rules over the creation.

Catena Aurea by Aquinas ↗