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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
Theophylact of Ohrid
Every deed, be it good or evil, is called the food of the soul. And the soul, too, has teeth, but they are spiritual in nature. Then the corrupted soul will gnash its teeth, that is, grind together its now impotent faculties of action, because it practiced such things.
Western Saints
Gregory the Dialogist
For behold, concerning the description of hell it is said: There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. But because present joys are followed by perpetual lamentations, here, dearest brothers, flee vain joy if you dread weeping there. For no one can both rejoice here with the world and reign there with the Lord. Therefore restrain the fleeting pleasures of temporal joy, subdue the lusts of the flesh. Whatever in the soul smiles upon you from the present age, let it become bitter from the consideration of eternal fire. …
Thomas Aquinas
There follows the punishment of sense: and shall cast them into the furnace of fire. This is explained as above. But there is a question why the Lord repeated this, because it seems to be the same as the parable of the weeds. It must be said that it is the same in a certain respect, because here by the net are understood both the good and the bad; hence it signifies those who have not been cut off from the Church. But by the weeds are signified those who have been cut off by a diversity of teachings, and these are not of the Church.
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