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Translation
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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
Gregory of Nazianzus
When leaven is praised it is as composing the bread of life, but when blamed it signifies a lasting and bitter maliciousness.
Cyril of Alexandria
For they were false accusers; therefore Christ warned His disciples against them.
Theophylact of Ohrid
The Pharisees sought indeed to catch Jesus in His talk, that they might lead away the people from Him. But this design of theirs is reversed. For the people came all the more unto Him gathered together by thousands, and so desirous to attach themselves to Christ, that they pressed one upon another. So mighty a thing is truth, so feeble every where deceit. …
Western Saints
Ambrose of Milan
Our Lord has introduced a most forcible argument for preserving simplicity, and being zealous for the faith, that we should not after the manner of faithless Jews put one thing in practice, while in words we pretend another, namely, that at the last day the hidden thoughts accusing or else excusing one another, shall be seen to reveal the secrets of our mind. Whence it is added, There is nothing hid which shall not be revealed.
Bede
Meanwhile, as many crowds gathered so that they trampled one another, He began to say to His disciples: Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. All the things He had disputed earlier while reclining at the Pharisee's dinner pertain to this leaven. About which the Apostle also commands: Therefore, let us celebrate the feast, not with old leaven, nor with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth (I Cor V). …
Bonaventure
Now when great crowds were standing around, etc. After the Lord rebuked in the Pharisees the craftiness of malignant pretense, here he invites the disciples to caution against the pretense that has been rebuked. And since duplicity of this kind is caused by love that wrongly humbles, or love that wrongly inflames, therefore this part is divided into two. In the first of which he warns to guard against duplicity arising from timidity; in the second, against cupidity, below in the same chapter: But one of the crowd said to him, etc. …
Translation