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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
But not even then did our Lord expose the traitor by name; Jesus answered, He it is, to whom I shall give a sop when I have dipped it. Such a mode of declaring him, should itself have turned him from his purpose. Even if a partaking of the same table did not shame him, a partaking of the same bread might have. And when He had dipped the sop, He gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon.
Cyril of Alexandria
We might naturally be filled with admiration, and especially from this further instance, at the zealous ardour displayed by the holy disciples in their love to God, and at the excessive strictness of their devotion. For being unable of themselves to know the guilty person, whoever he might be, and refusing also to place confidence in the uncertainties of deceitful conjectures, they again give vent to their curiosity by questions, and make one who was preeminent among them, I mean Peter, the representative of their eagerness to learn …
Theophylact of Ohrid
The Lord, when asked in this manner also, does not declare the betrayer by name, but makes him known by means of the morsel, so as to convert the betrayer and bring to his remembrance the fellowship of the table and bread, the partaker of which ought not to have betrayed the Nourisher and raged against Him. "Receive," He says, "this bread which you shared together with Me; acknowledge that we had a common table." But he, his soul lulled to sleep by passion, did not comprehend this. …
Western Saints
Augustine of Hippo
"Simon Peter therefore beckons, and says to him." The expression is noteworthy, as indicating that something was said not by any sound of words, but by merely beckoning with the head. "He beckons, and says;" that is, his beckoning is his speech. For if one is said to speak in his thoughts, as Scripture saith, "They said [reasoned] with themselves;" how much more may he do so by beckoning, which expresses outwardly by some sort of signs what had previously been conceived within! What, then, did his beckoning mean? …
Thomas Aquinas
Then when he says, Jesus answered, he identifies the betrayer: first by words, then by an action. He identifies by words when he says, It is he to whom I shall give this bread when I have dipped it. This can signify two things, depending on how bread is understood. If it is understood to indicate something evil, it signifies the hypocrisy of Judas. For just as dipped bread is stained and has changed in appearance so also a pretender, for he thinks one thing in his heart while he simulates something else with his words. …
Bonaventure
Jesus answered him. Here the third point is touched upon, namely the Lord's secret response, by which he satisfies the intimate disciple; on account of which he did not speak in words, but manifested it by the sign itself; therefore he says: It is he to whom I shall extend the dipped bread: the dipping of the bread signifies the dissimulation of Judas. And when he had dipped the bread, he gave it to Judas, son of Simon Iscariot, and by this John knew who it was that would betray him. …
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