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What the Fathers say
Eastern Fathers
John Chrysostom
As He did not mention Him by name, all began to fear: Then the disciples looked one on another, doubting of whom He spake; not conscious of any evil in themselves, and yet trusting to Christ's words, more than to their own thoughts.
Cyril of Alexandria
Terror and dread at once thrill the hearts of the disciples, and they glance one at another, being filled with a twofold alarm at the words uttered. For each one, as was natural, on reviewing the state of his own individual soul, was weighed down with grievous fear; and furthermore, they all felt the agony, no less severe, which was produced by the suspicion that rested on them all in common. For they are well assured that the words spoken will be fully verified. …
Theophylact of Ohrid
Each of them was conscious of being pure, finding no cunning in his own thoughts; but he regarded the word of the Lord as more trustworthy than his own thoughts. Therefore they all grieve and are perplexed. For the announcement was made by Him Who does not lie, and they were certain that it would inevitably come to pass.
Western Saints
Augustine of Hippo
"Then the disciples looked one on another, doubting of whom He spake." For while they were imbued with a reverential love to their Master, they were none the less affected by human infirmity in their feelings towards each other. Each one's own conscience was known to himself; but as he was ignorant of his neighbor's, each one's self-assurance was such that each was uncertain of all the others, and all the others were uncertain of that one.
Thomas Aquinas
Next (v 22), the traitor is privately identified. First, the occasions for this are mentioned; secondly, the traitor is identified (v 26); thirdly, we see the effect of his identification (v 27). There were two occasions for his identification: one was the uncertainty of the disciples, and the other was a question asked by one of the disciples. First, John mentions their uncertainty; and then the disciple's question. With regard to the first, note that the good disciples had very great love for Christ and their faith was very strong. …
Bonaventure
The disciples therefore looked at one another. Here the second point is touched upon, namely the inquiry of the disciples: and first they began to doubt; on account of which he says: The disciples therefore looked at one another, uncertain of whom he spoke: therefore they looked at one another, because each doubted about the other. …
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