Gregory the Dialogist

Moreover Job continued his parable, and said. [ALLEGORICAL INTERPRETATION] For because a parable is a name for a likeness, it plainly appears that through a form of exterior words he speaks mysteries, who with reference to speaking is recorded to have 'taken up a parable.' For when he relates his own circumstances, he is telling all the things that are to come to Holy Church, and through the thing that he himself undergoes he points out what she should undergo. …

Morals on the Book of Job, Book XIX ↗

Thomas Aquinas

Since in what preceded Job had shown in the universal why it is evident that it is not against divine justice that the evil prosper and the good to whom greater spiritual things are given sometimes suffer want of temporal prosperity in this world, and he shows this now more clearly in his own case using himself as an example. He intends by this also to refute their opinion when they asserted that he was suffering adversities for sin. …

Commentary on Job ↗